When You Must Register with Revenue
You are legally required to register for self-assessment and notify Revenue when your non-PAYE income (profit, not gross earnings) exceeds €5,000 in a tax year. You should also register if you need to issue VAT invoices (once turnover exceeds €42,500 for services or €85,000 for goods), or if you employ any staff.
You can register voluntarily before reaching the threshold — many people prefer to keep everything formal from day one. There's no disadvantage to registering early.
Sole Trader vs Limited Company
Most side hustlers start as sole traders. Here's when each makes sense:
- Sole trader (self-employed): Simple registration, no company filing requirements, all profit taxed as personal income. Best under approximately €60,000–€80,000 annual profit.
- Limited company: Corporate tax rate of 12.5% on trading profits (vs 40%+ income tax as a sole trader at higher levels). Worth considering once profit consistently exceeds €60,000–€80,000, or if you want liability protection.
- Umbrella company: Third-party company that employs you as a contractor. Quick to set up, no admin. Higher fees. Good for short-term contracts.
How to Register as a Sole Trader
- Log into MyAccount at revenue.ie
- Go to "Manage My Record" → "Register for a Tax" → "Income Tax"
- Select "commencing self-employment" and provide your start date
- If trading under a business name (not your personal name), register the business name with the CRO at cro.ie — cost is €20 online
- Revenue will confirm registration and issue your tax reference
What Changes After Registration
Once registered, you must file a Form 11 self-assessment return annually by 31 October (or mid-November via ROS). You pay tax in arrears plus preliminary tax in advance. Keep records of all income and expenses for six years. Consider using simple accounting software — Surf Accounts, FreeAgent, or even a structured spreadsheet.
Is there a cost to register as self-employed in Ireland?
No — Revenue registration is free. If you want to trade under a business name, CRO registration costs €20 online. An accountant to help you set up properly typically charges €200–€500 for initial setup consultation — tax-deductible.
Do I need a solicitor to become a sole trader?
No. Sole trader registration requires no legal involvement. You register directly with Revenue yourself.
What's the difference between a business name and a limited company?
A business name is just a trading name you register for your sole trader operation — you're still personally liable for all debts. A limited company is a separate legal entity with limited liability — your personal assets are protected (with some exceptions).
This is general guidance. Consult a qualified accountant for advice specific to your circumstances.
General information, not personal tax, financial or legal advice. Rules change — check revenue.ie or ask a qualified accountant.